Rawls Concept Of Justice As Political: A Defense Against Critics :: Philosophy Philosophical Rawls Essays

Rawls' Concept Of Justice As Political: A Defense Against Critics ABSTRACT: Rawls' theory of justice as fairness involves a central contention that principles of justice essential to the structure of a constitutional democracy must be viewed as political in contrast to more comprehensive moral, philosophical or religious doctrines. The concept of justice is not its being true to an antecedent moral order and given to us, but its being congruent with our self-understanding within the history of justice as political is not a mere modus vivendi, for it embodies an overlapping consensus that does have a moral basis. Critical reaction to Rawls has been that what is simply a consensus within a tradition of public discourse cannot afford an adequate criteria of moral justification, and that Rawls cannot define the moral basis for justice as fairness without some reference to a comprehensive theory of the good. But it will be argued that critics are missing what is central to Rawls' theory of moral justification as what he sees to be the outcome of a proce ss of "wide reflective equilibrium" in which principles of justice initially given within a tradition are weighed against rival moral theories and in relation to scientific theories of human nature and society in order to establish what seems "most reasonable to us." It is the central contention of Rawls that the principles of justice essential to the structure of constitutional democracy must be characterized as political in contrast to more comprehensive moral, philosophical and religious doctrines on which agreement is not possible within the pluralism of modernity, and that the concept of justice is not its being true to an antecedent moral order, but its congruency with our self-understanding within history and traditions embedded in our public life. But Rawls emphasizes that the concept of justice as political is not a mere modus vivendi, for it embodies an overlapping consensus by specifying the fair terms of cooperation between citizens that are regarded as free and equal. This consensus encompasses the concept of primary goods: basic right and liberties, powers and prerogatives of office; income and wealth; the basis of self-respect. It also encompasses the "difference principle": in which economic inequalities are allowed so long as thi s improves everyone's situation including that of the least advantaged. The overlapping consensus, Rawls further specifies, is not a consensus simply in accepting a certain authority, or simply as compliance with certain institutional arrangements.

Erikson’s Time Line Essay

The aspect of psychology mainly studies the behavioral characteristics and personality of each individual in relation to their motivation, actual manifestations in terms of their actions, traits, perception, reasoning and others. In this concern, the science of psychology uses numerous approaches and concepts in its exploration of the human field in disseminating and explaining the significant and influential factors to the development of individuality and personality complex. Relative to the actual concern, the field of psychology also take the backward approach wherein it explains the background of each action and decision of each individual influential to their arrival to that certain point including the relationship of previous experiences, childhood factors, and other relevant issues. However, influential in the general pursuit of the study of psychology is the approach of gradually exploring the human development through disseminating the person’s life into progressive stages. In this concern, the concept of Erikson’s time line becomes a significant concept offering understanding towards a person’s personality and behavior. According to Erikson’s time line, each individual passes through each life-stage virtues as he or she age in life wherein the person’s behavior and personality develop as he or she contemplates over specific stage contrast. In each stage, a person must assess two different virtues relative to the age and level of his or her life determining how the person mature towards reaching the next level and proceed through life development. On assessing the personal journey of the author of this paper based on this time line, it likely appears that this author is within the fidelity stage wherein he is dominantly contemplating with the concept of identity and role confusion. In this particular stage, the person is still determining the path of which to pursue in life relative to the determination of his or her dominant identity on social and career matters. This is largely true in the author of this paper of which, he is still experimenting and deciding on the path of his passion, motivation, and determination. Mostly, the pressure of determining the person’s life conclusion gives the most hindrance in this stage of which is likewise true for the author of this paper. In addition, the challenge of finding the suitable and effective model from which to relate ones decision in this stage is also a crucial matter towards conquering this stage. Indeed, the author of this paper is within this stage of choosing the best position and the proper direction for his life which will likely determine his career and maturity development into becoming a successful adult in the future. Bibliography Dr. Boeree, C. George (2006). Erik Erikson. Personality Theories. http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/erikson.html. May 3, 2008

Is Medical Marijuana Really Safe For You - 966 Words

Is Medical Marijuana Really Safe For You? In Carrie Shortsleeve’s article, â€Å"The Truth About Medical Marijuana†, she is writing to those who are curious about the use of marijuana for medical purposes. Doctors and Scientists everywhere have been studying the use of marijuana for years and question the medical use of it every day. Some doctors and scientists are ready for it to be legalized in their states so that they can administer the drug as soon as tomorrow. While others are 100 percent against the use of marijuana in the medical environment. In her article, Carrie Shortsleeve interviews different doctors and professors to see what their opinions or thoughts may be on the use of medical marijuana. She goes into great detail using facts and statistics on both the positive and negative uses of the drug. The motivation behind Carrie’s article is to find out answers to the questions that we all ask ourselves every day, â€Å"Is marijuana safe to use in medic al terms?†, â€Å"How do you know how much to administer a patient?†, â€Å"Will it be legalized in every state?† etc. There are many ways in which medical marijuana can be used to help you, but there are also many ways where it can do more harm than good. Carrie Shortsleeve states in her article that â€Å"The marijuana plant is made up of 500 chemical compounds.† Shortsleeve then goes on to say that â€Å"this is where the case for medical marijuana gets complicated.† By using her research, and talking to other doctors and professors,Show MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On Medical Marijuana1301 Words   |  6 PagesMadison Summers Medical Marijuana   Ã‚  Ã‚   According to a survey by pubmed.gov, â€Å"92 percent said that medical marijuana alleviated symptoms of their serious medical conditions, including chronic pain, arthritis, migraine, and cancer.† 86 percent of the United States believe that Cannabis has valid medical uses, says statista.com. 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By comparison, it is physically impossible to eat enough marijuana to induce death.† [DEA administrative law Judge- 1988] This quote is saying that medical marijuana is really safe and it’s impossible to die fromRead MoreMedical Marijuana As A Treatment Option1733 Words   |  7 Pages INFORMATION SPEECH OUTLINE WORKSHEET Speech Title: Medical Marijuana as a Treatment Option Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the benefits of medical marijuana and why it should remain legal I. Introduction (Your goal here is to draw us into your speech...) A. Attention Material (This step helps us focus our attention on you and your message. It is suggested that you begin with a story, quote, statistic, definition, use of suspense, etc. Never begin with, Hi I am ___ and today IRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana Essay examples1360 Words   |  6 Pagesingredient in marijuana. The school said he couldn’t bring the pills to school because it would violate its zero tolerance policy on drugs† (Oliver). Without the pills containing THC, the young boy could have a seizure. If medicinal marijuana was legal, this wouldn’t have been an issue, and that is why marijuana should be legalized in the United States. It will not only benefit those who need it for medical issues, but the taxation will also benefit our economy. Since the 1930s marijuana has been illegalRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe term medical marijuana refers to the using the whole unprocessed marijuana plant or its basic extracts to treat a disease or symptom. But how can you really help? Medical marijuana may help stop the growth of blood vessels that feed cancerous tumors. And what I am currently researching is how medical marijuana can help treat illnesses. For medical marijuana we basically use THC and CBD both or cannabinoids that are in the marijuana plant. 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But what seems to be very popular when the word drug comes up is the controversial ongoing debate on whether or not marijuana should be legalized. Many advocates believe prohibiting marijuana reduces crime, trafficking and increases health. However, marijuana is one of the most misunderstood drugsRead MoreThere is a salient and continuous negative stigma concerning the legalization of marijuana for1100 Words   |  5 Pagesthe legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes. The pathology that arises from this issue is a subjective matter, highly provocative because those who oppose and those who endorse present rhetoric in a very polarized manner. Like many in the medical marijuana community â€Å"†¦People start out a skeptic intent on researching marijuana’s harms.† (Flatow, 2014) It seems that there is a preponderance of people who have a proclivity to naturally oppose the legalization of marijuana, because there is whatRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Canada?1244 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grass is Greener on the Other Side Weed, ganja, pot-all names for the illegal drug marijuana. In Canada possession of cannabis otherwise known as marijuana is a criminal offence punishable by law, and can come with some serious consequences. Although Illegal the harmful effects of cannabis has on the human body are few compared to its legal counter parts such as tobacco and alcohol. In Canada marijuana has been an outlawed substance as a result of the Narcotics Drug Act Amendment Bill of 1923Read MoreAlternative Medicine and Mainstream Medicine Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pages I feel like alternative medication is disgusting, because you do not know how clean or sanitary the tools, or treatments are. Alternative medicine is any treatment that is not part of the traditional medical system,like someone would learn in nursing school, or paramedic training. Complementary are those used alongside conventional medicine. Recent research has disproved the usefulness of many of these therapies. (USA Today) Alternative medicine is a different way to cure a disease, or another